Course Content
Introduction to computers
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Definition of computer
Components of a Computer
Types of Computers
Generations of Computers
Computer Architecture
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Introduction to Computer Architecture
Basic Computer Organization
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
CPU Architecture
Memory Hierarchy and Management
Bus and I/O Architecture
. Pipelining and Parallelism
Advanced Architectures
computer organization
Computer Organization: Detailed Explanation Computer Organization refers to the operational structure of the computer system and describes the components that make up a computer and how they work together to execute instructions. It involves the physical aspects of the system's design and how the various parts interact, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and buses. 1. Introduction to Computer Organization 2. Basic Components of a Computer System 3. CPU Organization 4 Memory Organization 5. Data Representation 6. Instruction Execution 7. Interconnection Structures 8. Pipelining and Parallelism 9. Performance Considerations
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Introduction to Computer Organization
Basic Components of a Computer System
. CPU Organization
Memory Organization
. Data Representation
Instruction Execution
Interconnection Structures
. Pipelining and Parallelism
Performance Considerations
Computer Hardware: An Overview
Computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system. These components work together to execute instructions and perform tasks. Hardware is essential to the functioning of any computer, and it includes both the internal components (like the CPU and memory) and external components (like input and output devices). Hardware components can be broadly categorized into three main groups: 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2. Memory and Storage 3. Input and Output Devices
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory and Storage
Input and Output Devices
computer software
Computer Software: An Overview Computer software refers to the set of programs, applications, and instructions that enable a computer to perform specific tasks. Unlike hardware, which refers to the physical components of a computer, software is intangible and controls the hardware to make it functional for the user. Software can be divided into two broad categories: 1. System Software 2. Application Software 3. Programming Languages (or Programming Software)
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System Software
Application Software
Programming Languages (or Programming Software
Operating System: An Overview
An Operating System (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware. It ensures that hardware and software components work together efficiently and provides a user-friendly environment for interacting with the system. The operating system is the most fundamental program running on a computer, as it coordinates and controls all other programs and tasks. Without an operating system, a computer would be a collection of hardware components without any functional cohesion. 1.functions of operating system 2.types of operating system
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Functions of an Operating System
.Types of Operating Systems
Programming Basics
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Programming Language
. Types of Programming Languages
Computer Networks: An Overview
A computer network is a system of interconnected computers and devices that can communicate with each other to share resources, exchange data, and provide various services. Computer networks can be small, like a home network, or vast, like the internet, enabling communication across the globe. 1.what is network 2.network types 3. network devices 4. protocols 5. IP ADDRESS
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. What is a Network?
Types of Networks
. Network Devices
Protocols
IP Address
Cyber Security: An Overview
Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks, damage, or unauthorized access. The primary goal of cybersecurity is to safeguard the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of information and prevent cyberattacks that can cause financial loss, data theft, or disruption of services. As digital systems become more integrated into everyday life, cybersecurity becomes increasingly crucial in ensuring the safety of personal, organizational, and governmental data. 1.WHAT IS CYBER SECURITY 2.TYPES OF THREATS 3.SECURITY MEASURES 4.AUTHENTICATION
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What is Cyber Security?
Types of Threats
Security Measures
. Authentication
Cloud Computing: An Overview
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. What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud Service Models
Benefits of Cloud Computing
Cloud Providers
Troubleshooting and Maintenance: An Overview
Troubleshooting and maintenance are crucial aspects of ensuring that computer systems, devices, and networks function optimally. Troubleshooting helps identify and resolve issues that arise during the operation of a system, while maintenance involves regular tasks to keep the system running smoothly and efficiently. Both are essential for ensuring reliability, performance, and longevity of computer hardware and software. 1.BASIC TROUBLE SHOOTING 2.SYSTEM UPDATES 3.DATA BACKUPS 4.ROUTINE MAINTAINANCE
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Basic Troubleshooting
. System Updates
Data Backups
. Routine Maintenance
Basic Of Computers
About Lesson

Troubleshooting refers to the process of diagnosing and fixing problems that arise in hardware, software, or network systems. The goal is to identify the root cause of the issue and apply appropriate solutions to resolve it.

Steps in Basic Troubleshooting:

  1. Identify the Problem:
    • Begin by understanding the issue. Ask questions like: What exactly is not working? When did the problem start? Is it affecting one device or multiple systems?
    • Check for any obvious signs, such as error messages, flashing lights on hardware, or abnormal system behavior.
  2. Check the Basics:
    • Hardware: Make sure all cables are properly connected, power supplies are plugged in, and external devices are functioning.
    • Software: Ensure the system is not frozen or locked, and check for error messages. Restart the system to resolve temporary glitches.
  3. Reproduce the Problem:
    • Try to recreate the issue to understand under what conditions it occurs. This helps to isolate the source of the problem (whether it’s a hardware issue, software malfunction, or network problem).
  4. Use Built-in Diagnostic Tools:
    • Many operating systems, like Windows and macOS, have built-in diagnostic tools (e.g., Windows Troubleshooter) that can automatically identify and fix common issues like network connectivity, software crashes, and printer problems.
  5. Eliminate External Factors:
    • Disconnect any unnecessary peripherals or external devices and test the system to ensure that external factors (such as connected printers, monitors, or USB devices) are not causing the issue.
  6. Check for Software Conflicts:
    • Ensure that no two applications or services are conflicting. For example, check for updates or errors in installed software that may have caused the issue.
    • Review logs or error reports to see if there are any recurring issues that need attention.
  7. Test Components Individually:
    • If the issue involves hardware, test each component (e.g., RAM, hard drive, power supply) individually to identify the faulty part.
    • In case of network issues, check the router, cables, and network settings.
  8. Consult Documentation or Online Resources:
    • If the problem is complex or unclear, check user manuals, help documentation, or online resources like support forums, FAQs, or the manufacturer’s website for known solutions or patches.
  9. Apply a Fix or Reset:
    • Once the issue is identified, apply the fix. This could involve restarting the system, reinstalling software, updating drivers, or replacing faulty hardware components.
    • If necessary, restore the system to a previous working state using backup software or system restore points.
  10. Test the Solution:
    • After applying the fix, test the system to verify that the issue is resolved. Check if the problem is completely eliminated and that no new issues arise.
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