Course Content
Introduction to computers
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Definition of computer
Components of a Computer
Types of Computers
Generations of Computers
Computer Architecture
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Introduction to Computer Architecture
Basic Computer Organization
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
CPU Architecture
Memory Hierarchy and Management
Bus and I/O Architecture
. Pipelining and Parallelism
Advanced Architectures
computer organization
Computer Organization: Detailed Explanation Computer Organization refers to the operational structure of the computer system and describes the components that make up a computer and how they work together to execute instructions. It involves the physical aspects of the system's design and how the various parts interact, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and buses. 1. Introduction to Computer Organization 2. Basic Components of a Computer System 3. CPU Organization 4 Memory Organization 5. Data Representation 6. Instruction Execution 7. Interconnection Structures 8. Pipelining and Parallelism 9. Performance Considerations
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Introduction to Computer Organization
Basic Components of a Computer System
. CPU Organization
Memory Organization
. Data Representation
Instruction Execution
Interconnection Structures
. Pipelining and Parallelism
Performance Considerations
Computer Hardware: An Overview
Computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system. These components work together to execute instructions and perform tasks. Hardware is essential to the functioning of any computer, and it includes both the internal components (like the CPU and memory) and external components (like input and output devices). Hardware components can be broadly categorized into three main groups: 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2. Memory and Storage 3. Input and Output Devices
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory and Storage
Input and Output Devices
computer software
Computer Software: An Overview Computer software refers to the set of programs, applications, and instructions that enable a computer to perform specific tasks. Unlike hardware, which refers to the physical components of a computer, software is intangible and controls the hardware to make it functional for the user. Software can be divided into two broad categories: 1. System Software 2. Application Software 3. Programming Languages (or Programming Software)
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System Software
Application Software
Programming Languages (or Programming Software
Operating System: An Overview
An Operating System (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware. It ensures that hardware and software components work together efficiently and provides a user-friendly environment for interacting with the system. The operating system is the most fundamental program running on a computer, as it coordinates and controls all other programs and tasks. Without an operating system, a computer would be a collection of hardware components without any functional cohesion. 1.functions of operating system 2.types of operating system
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Functions of an Operating System
.Types of Operating Systems
Programming Basics
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Programming Language
. Types of Programming Languages
Computer Networks: An Overview
A computer network is a system of interconnected computers and devices that can communicate with each other to share resources, exchange data, and provide various services. Computer networks can be small, like a home network, or vast, like the internet, enabling communication across the globe. 1.what is network 2.network types 3. network devices 4. protocols 5. IP ADDRESS
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. What is a Network?
Types of Networks
. Network Devices
Protocols
IP Address
Cyber Security: An Overview
Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks, damage, or unauthorized access. The primary goal of cybersecurity is to safeguard the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of information and prevent cyberattacks that can cause financial loss, data theft, or disruption of services. As digital systems become more integrated into everyday life, cybersecurity becomes increasingly crucial in ensuring the safety of personal, organizational, and governmental data. 1.WHAT IS CYBER SECURITY 2.TYPES OF THREATS 3.SECURITY MEASURES 4.AUTHENTICATION
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What is Cyber Security?
Types of Threats
Security Measures
. Authentication
Cloud Computing: An Overview
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. What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud Service Models
Benefits of Cloud Computing
Cloud Providers
Troubleshooting and Maintenance: An Overview
Troubleshooting and maintenance are crucial aspects of ensuring that computer systems, devices, and networks function optimally. Troubleshooting helps identify and resolve issues that arise during the operation of a system, while maintenance involves regular tasks to keep the system running smoothly and efficiently. Both are essential for ensuring reliability, performance, and longevity of computer hardware and software. 1.BASIC TROUBLE SHOOTING 2.SYSTEM UPDATES 3.DATA BACKUPS 4.ROUTINE MAINTAINANCE
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Basic Troubleshooting
. System Updates
Data Backups
. Routine Maintenance
Basic Of Computers
About Lesson

Data backup is the process of creating copies of important data to ensure that it can be restored in the event of data loss or system failure. Backups are essential for protecting against accidental deletion, hardware failure, cyberattacks (like ransomware), and disasters (fire, flood, etc.).

Types of Data Backups:

  1. Full Backup:
    • A full backup creates a copy of all selected data. It is comprehensive and provides a complete restore point.
    • Drawback: It takes longer to perform and requires more storage space compared to incremental backups.
  2. Incremental Backup:
    • An incremental backup only saves changes made since the last backup. It is quicker and saves storage space but requires multiple backup sets for a complete restoration.
    • Example: After a full backup, only new or modified files are backed up in subsequent incremental backups.
  3. Differential Backup:
    • A differential backup saves changes made since the last full backup. Unlike incremental backups, differential backups do not reset after each backup session.
    • Example: If a full backup was made on Monday, a differential backup on Wednesday will include all changes made from Monday to Wednesday.
  4. Cloud Backup:
    • Cloud backup involves saving data to remote servers hosted by cloud service providers. It allows data to be accessible from anywhere and offers offsite protection.
    • Example: Services like Google Drive, Dropbox, or OneDrive.
  5. External Backup:
    • Data is copied to external storage devices such as external hard drives, USB drives, or network-attached storage (NAS). These devices can be physically disconnected from the system to ensure data safety.
    • Example: Using an external hard drive to store copies of important files.

Backup Strategies:

  • 3-2-1 Rule: This backup strategy recommends having 3 copies of your data (1 primary, 2 backups), storing 2 copies on different media (e.g., hard drive and cloud), and keeping 1 backup off-site for disaster recovery.
  • Regular Backup Schedule: Establish a routine backup schedule based on data importance and change frequency. Backup daily, weekly, or monthly based on your needs.
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